[1] IEA (2024). Energy Technology Perspectives 2024, 29-49. https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2024
[2] 详见中金研究院2023年9月26日发布的《规模效应和绿色转型的新供给经济学》
[3] Block Buy program参考US Department of Energy《Retrospective Benefit-Cost Evaluation of DOE Investment in Photovoltaic Energy Systems》,https://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/pv_evaluation.pdf
1978年美国太阳能光伏法案参考https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/solar-photovoltaic-energy-research-development-and-demonstration-act-1978-statement
[4] https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/08/20050808-4.html
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/07/19/fact-sheet-obama-administration-announces-clean-energy-savings-all
[5] 中国光伏行业协会、刘家琦等:《大国光伏:中国王牌制造业的突围与崛起》,2024年1月
[6] Wen, Daoyuan, et al. "Development of solar photovoltaic industry and market in China, Germany, Japan and the United States of America using incentive policies." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 39.5 (2021): 1429-1456.
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Krugman, P. R. (1983). Targeted industrial policies: Theory and evidence. Industrial change and public policy, 123-155.
Krugman, P. R. (1986). Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics. MIT Press.
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[9] https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1128
[10] https://commission.europa.eu/business-economy-euro/economic-recovery/recovery-and-resilience-facility_en
[11] 详见中金公司研究部2022年9月18日发布的报告《中金电动车研究:美国IRA法案影响几何?》。
[12] Kleimann, David et al. (2023). How Europe should answer the US Inflation Reduction Act. Bruegel Policy Contribution, No. 04/2023.
[13] 详见中金公司研究部2022年8月16日发布的报告《美国〈通货膨胀削减法案〉获批在即,新能源产业将迎黄金发展期》。
[14] https://cinea.ec.europa.eu/programmes/connecting-europe-facility_en
[15] https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe_en
[16] https://competition-policy.ec.europa.eu/state-aid/ipcei/approved-ipceis/batteries-value-chain_en
[17] https://www.europarl.europa.eu/legislative-train/package-repowereu-plan/file-eu-solar-strategy
[18] https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en
[19] https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
[20] https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/09/18/2024-21217/notice-of-modification-chinas-acts-policies-and-practices-related-to-technology-transfer
[21] https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_24_5589
[22] https://environment.ec.europa.eu/strategy/circular-economy-action-plan_en
[23] https://www.news.cn/2023-08/15/c_1212256148.htm
[24] 美国能源部明确FEOC 定义。受关注外国实体(FEOC)的定义是"由指定外国政府拥有、控制或受其管辖或指导的实体"。FEOC 涵盖国家包括中国、俄罗斯、朝鲜和伊朗。“受管辖国家政府管辖”指的是(1)外国实体在受管辖国家注册或成立,或主要营业地点位于受管辖国家;(2)外国实体在受管辖国家从事特定电池的关键矿物的提取加工回收、或组件的制造组装。https://www.energy.gov/mesc/foreign-entity-concern-interpretive-guidance
[25] https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/unleashing-american-energy/
[26] BloombergNEF (2024). The 45X Factor: US Tax Credits Boost Industry on Home Turf. https://www.bnef.com/insights/33143
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[31] 详见中金研究院2024年12月30日发布的报告《破解欧洲困局 | 解读德拉吉》
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[40] 陈勇:《商品经济与荷兰近代化》,武汉大学出版社,1990年11月
[41] 邓久根、贾根良:《英国因何丧失了第二次工业革命的领先地位?》,《 经济社会体制比较》,2015年7月
Irwin D. A. (2017). Clashing over Commerce: A History of U.S. Trade Policy. University of Chicago Press.
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[43] W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth (3rd edition), Cambridge University Press, 2012.
[44] 黄燕:《主导产业:基本理论、现实偏差及近期发展思路》,《中央财经大学学报》, 2001年4月
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[47] 郭克莎:《工业化新时期新兴主导产业的选择》,《中国工业经济》,2003年2月
[48] 详见中金公司2023年11月8日发布报告《大宗商品2024年展望综述:中场故事待续》
[49] International Copper Study Group (2024). World Copper Factbook 2023, 46-47. https://emergingtrajectories.com/static/copper-factbook-2023.pdf
[50] Aluminum Association (2023). 2023 North American Light Vehicle Aluminum Content and Outlook, 23-24. https://drivealuminum.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Ducker-ATG-2023-Summary-Report-April-2023.pdf
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[52] 详见2024年10月中国环境与发展国际合作委员会专题政策研究报告《绿色金融新范式:更好发挥资本市场枢纽功能》
[53] Liu, J., & Goldstein, D. (2013). Understanding China's renewable energy technology exports. Energy Policy, 52, 417-428.
[54] 数据来源:Mysteel
Hu, X., Ping, H., Xie, C., & Hu, X. (2008). Globalisation and China's iron and steel industry: Modelling China's demand for steel importation. Journal of chinese economic and foreign trade studies, 1(1), 62-74.
[55] 孟捷、韩文龙《新质生产力论:一个历史唯物主义的阐释》,《经济研究》2024年3月
Schumpeter, J. A., & Swedberg, R. (1934). The theory of economic development.
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Freeman, C. (1995). The ‘National System of Innovation’in historical perspective. Cambridge Journal of economics, 19(1), 5-24.
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[60] 详见中金研究院2023年9月26日发布报告《规模效应和绿色转型的新供给经济学》
IEA (2024). Global EV Data Explorer. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/global-ev-data-explorer
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[64] Bruegel的测算基于美国IRA法案及欧盟批准的国家援助计划项目。详见Kleimann, David et al. (2023). How Europe should answer the US Inflation Reduction Act. Bruegel Policy Contribution, No. 04/2023.
[65] 设计密集型产品通常需要根据用户特征参数进行定制产品设计的需求,因此相较制造密集型产品更加需要销售市场趋近生产地,呈现局部地区市场竞争而非全球竞争的特点。
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[67] https://www.xinhuanet.com/world/20240818/ab28f3292ef746f9ae5efb4f5c3a82e6/c.html
[68] 详见中金公司研究部2024年11月29日发布报告《以史为鉴,复盘日系车企的全球化之路》